Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Groundwater from the Gran Canaria Island (Spain)

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the whole environment is a growing concern. These might be present effluents wastewater treatment plants and, hence, irrigation with treated sewage may source groundwater pollution. volcanic aquifer that lies NE Gran Canaria (Spain) was studied to address relationship occurrence and golf course has been irrigated regenerated water since 1973. Of 14 analyzed samples, five wells were chosen perform annual monitoring. Irrigation soil leachate also evaluated. target analytes atenolol, metamizole, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, nicotine, permethrin, caffeine, their metabolite paraxanthine. environmental risk limited as concentrations pharmaceuticals measured sampled always below 60 ng·L?1 (lower than detected caffeine nicotine concentrations). Wide variations for same among sampling campaigns, different wells. study points importance sample conservation during transport need analyses immediately, or follow an in-situ extraction procedure carry concentrated samples under better conditions.